Spy Noirs, UK, from Dan Hodges
Introduction
The table below has 27 UK spy noirs that I have identified. These films were released during the classic period of spy noir.
The information in the table about each film’s director and cinematographer complements the page Noir Style: Natives – Not Émigrés.
The table provides additional evidence that film noir didn’t arise in Britain because of émigrés from France or Central Europe. With very few exceptions, the directors and cinematographers responsible for the development of UK film noir were were born in Britain; or, if they were born elsewhere, their film careers were substantially if not entirely in the UK.
Here are two examples that show how I cite information about the directors and cinematographers.
Otto Heller (Czech Republic; UK career: 1940)
Otto Heller was born in the Czech Republic (using today’s name for his birth country), and his career in the UK began in 1940.
Edward Dmytryk (Canada; US career)
Edward Dmytryk was born in Canada, and his career was entirely in the US.
When the literary source of a spy noir is a novel or a play, I only provide the title when it is different from the film’s title.
The information in the table about each film’s writer(s) shows how rarely a spy noir was adapted from an espionage novel (e.g., by Eric Ambler or Graham Greene). Instead, stage plays or novels not associated with espionage literature are more often the basis for spy noirs. Most frequently, spy noirs come from original screenplays or screenplays adapted from original, unpublished stories.
Therefore, contrary to the suggestions of James Naremore (Nothing More Than Night: Film Noir and Its Contexts) and Jon Tuska (Dark Cinema: American Film Noir in Cultural Perspective), spy noirs aren’t derived from spy novels. The table shows the independence of spy noirs from spy novels. For my critique of Naremore and Tuska, see the sections “Full Recognition of America’s Forgotten Ally” and “Postscript,” respectively, in the page Spy Noirs & the Origins of Film Noir.
Presentation
|
Date |
Title |
Director |
Cinematographer |
Writer(s) |
| 1935
|
The Crouching Beast | Victor Hanbury (UK) | James Wilson (UK) | L. du Garde Peach (screenplay); Valentine Williams (novel) |
|
1935 |
The 39 Steps | Alfred Hitchcock (UK) | Bernard Knowles (UK) | Charles Bennett (screenplay); John Buchan (novel) |
|
1936 |
Secret Agent | Alfred Hitchcock (UK) | Bernard Knowles (UK) | Charles Bennett (screenplay); Campbell Dixon (play); W. Somerst Maugham (novel, Ashenden) |
|
1936 |
The Secret of Stamboul [The Spy in White] | Andrew Marton (Austria-Hungary); UK career: 1929 | Henry Harris (UK); UK career | Richard Wainwright (screenplay); Dennis Wheatley & George A. Hill (novel, The Eunuch of Stamboul); Howard Irving Young, Laslo Benedek & Andrew Marton (adaptation) |
|
1937 |
Bulldog Drummond at Bay | Norman Lee (UK) | Walter Harvey (UK) | Patrick Kirwan & James Parrish (screenplay); Herman C. McNeile [“Sapper”] (novel) |
|
1937 |
I Married a Spy [Secret Lives] | Edmond T. Gréville (France) | Otto Heller (Czech Republic; UK career: 1940) | Edmond T. Gréville, Basil Mason & Hugh Perceval (screenplay); Paul de Sainte Colombe (novel) |
|
1937 |
Under Secret Orders | Edmond T. Gréville (France) | Alfred Black (UK) | Ernest Betts, Jacques Natanson & Marcel Archard (screenplay); Irmgard von Cube & Georges Hereaux (story) |
|
1939 |
The Four Just Men [The Secret Four] | Walter Forde (UK) | Ronald Neame (UK) | Angus MacPhail, Sergei Nolbandov, Roland Pertwee (screenplay); Edgar Wallace (novel) |
|
1940 |
Spies of the Air | David MacDonald (UK) | Bryan Langley (UK) | Bridget Boland & A.R. Rowlandson (screenplay); Jeffrey Dell (play, Official Secret) |
|
1940 |
Pastor Hall | Roy Boulting (UK) | Mutz Greenbaum (Germany; UK career: 1931) | Leslie Arliss, Anna Reiner & Haworth Bromley (screenplay); Ernst Toller (story) |
|
1941 |
Freedom Radio [A Voice in the Night] | Anthony Asquith (UK) | Bernard Knowles (UK) | Jeffrey Dell, Basil Woon & Anatole de Grunwald (screenplay); Louis Golding & Gordon Wellsley (story) |
|
1941 |
“Pimpernel” Smith | Leslie Howard (UK) | Mutz Greenbaum (Germany; UK career: 1931) | Anatole de Grunwald (screenplay); A. G. Macdonell & Wolfgang Wilhelm (original story) |
|
1941 |
The Saint’s Vacation | Leslie Fenton (UK) | Bernard Knowles (UK) | Leslie Charteris & Jeffrey Dell (screenplay); Leslie Charteris (story) |
|
1942 |
The Day Will Dawn | Harold French (UK) | Cyril J. Knowles (UK) | Anatole de Grunwald, Patrick Kirwan & Terence Rattigan (screenplay); Frank Owen (story) |
|
1942 |
Secret Mission | Harold French (UK) | Bernard Knowles (UK) | Anatole de Grunwald & Basil Bartlett (screenplay); Terence Young (story) |
|
1943 |
Adventures of Tartu [Sabotage Agent] | Harold S. Bucquet (UK) | Jack E. Cox (UK) | John Lee Mahin & Howard Emmett Rogers (screenplay); John C. Higgins (story) |
|
1943 |
The Silver Fleet | Vernon Sewill (UK) & Gordon Wellesley (Australia; UK career) | Erwin Hiller (Germany; UK career) | Vernon Sewell & Gordon Wellsley (screenplay); Emeric Pressburger (story, “Remember Jan de Wit”) |
|
1943 |
Tomorrow We Live [At Dawn We Die] | George King (UK) | Otto Heller (Czech Republic; UK career: 1940) | Bart Lytton (screenplay & story) |
|
1943 |
Undercover | Sergei Nolbandov (UK) | Wilkie Cooper (UK) | Monja Danischewsky & John Dighton (screenplay); George Slocombe (story) |
|
1943 |
Warn That Man | Lawrence Huntington (UK) | Gunther Krampf (Austria; UK career: 1931) | Vernon Sylvaine (play & screenplay) |
|
1944 |
Candlelight in Algeria | George King (UK) | Otto Heller (Czech Republic; UK career: 1940) | Brock Williams & Katherine Strueby (screenplay); Dorothy Hope (story) |
|
1944 |
Mr. Emmanuel | Harold French (UK) | Otto Heller (Czech Republic; UK career: 1940) | Louis Golding (novel & screenplay) |
|
1944 |
2,000 Women | Frank Launder (UK) | Jack E. Cox (UK) | Frank Launder (screenplay); Michael Pertwee (additional dialogue); Sidney Gilliat (uncredited) |
|
1945 |
The Echo Murders | John Harlow (UK) | James Wilson (UK) | John Harlow (screenplay) |
|
1945 |
The Man from Morocco | Max Greene [Mutz Greenbaum] (Germany; UK career: early 30s) | Basil Emmott (UK) & Geoffrey Faithful (UK) | Edward Dryhurst, Margaret Steen & Warwick Ward (screenplay); Rudolph Cartier (story) |
|
1945 |
Meet Sexton Blake! | John Harlow (UK) | Geoffrey Faithful (UK) | John Harlow (screenplay) |
|
1946 |
The Lisbon Story | Paul L. Stein (Austria; US, UK career: 1926) | Gerald Moss (UK) & Ernest Palmer (UK) | Jack Whittingham (screenplay); Harry Parr-Davies & Harold Purcell (play with music) |
